There are the following varieties of developmental dyslexia:

  • dyslexia (difficulties in reading fluently, often combined with difficulties in writing),
  • dysgraphia (distortions of the graphic side of writing),
  • dysortography (difficulty mastering correct spelling despite knowing the rules of spelling),
  • dysphonia (unclear and silent speech),
  • dyscalculia (specific difficulties in solving mathematical tasks),
  • hyperdyslexia (difficulties in reading comprehension).

Types and types of dyslexia

Taking into account the aetiology of the disorder in question, a distinction is made between developmental and acquired dyslexia. Developmental dyslexia is related to disturbances in the child’s developmental process. Acquired dyslexia arises suddenly, independent of developmental processes, usually as a result of brain damage.

Considering the disturbed functions underlying the syndrome in question, one speaks of:

  • dyslexia of the visual type, resulting from disorders of visual perception, visual memory, visual-motor coordination,
  • auditory dyslexia, resulting from impaired auditory perception, auditory memory, language functions,
  • integrative dyslexia, caused by inappropriate cooperation of properly developed perceptual-motor functions.

When considering specific learning difficulties in terms of brain activity, a distinction is made between linguistic and perceptual dyslexia. Linguistic dyslexia occurs when the activity of the left cerebral hemisphere dominates in a child learning to read, which should occur later in life when reading skills are already mastered. Perceptual dyslexia is diagnosed when the right cerebral hemisphere activity dominates in a child who has mastered reading, appropriate during the earlier developmental phase – the acquisition of reading skills.

Sources:

  1. Bogdanowicz M., O dysleksji, czyli specyficznych trudnościach w czytaniu i pisaniu. Odpowiedzi na pytania rodziców i nauczycieli, Linea, Lubin 1994, ISBN 83-901518-0-4.
  2. Bogdanowicz M., Ryzyko dysleksji. Problem i diagnozowanie, Harmonia, Gdańsk 2002, ISBN 83-7134-120-2.
  3. Gindrich P.A., Funkcjonowanie psychospołeczne uczniów dyslektycznych, Wyd. UMCS, Lublin 2002, ISBN 83-227-2003-3.
  4. Krasowicz-Kupis G., (red.). Dysleksja rozwojowa. Perspektywa psychologiczna, Harmonia, Gdańsk 2006, ISBN 83-7134-214-4.
  5. https://portal.abczdrowie.pl/dysleksja-rozwojowa
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